![]() This marked the end of the Heian period and beginning of Japan's feudal era. The feudal era of Japan consisted of three main periods, the Kamakura period, Muromachi period, and Azuchi Momoyama period, each named for the shoguns who controlled Japan. During these periods, the Emperor technically controlled the country, but in reality, the shogun had more political power. After seizing power, they set up his capital in Kamakura and took the title of shōgun. The Minamoto clan emerged victorious from the Genpei War of 1180–85. They cultivated the bushido codes of martial virtues, indifference to pain, and unflinching loyalty, engaging in many local battles. Samurai were the hereditary military nobility and had high prestige and special privileges such as wearing two swords. ![]() There was great influence from China, including Buddhist religious practices that mixed with native Shinto beliefs.Īlthough the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface, the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan, a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family. Over the following centuries, the power of the emperor and the imperial court declined, passing first to great clans of civilian aristocrats – most notably the Fujiwara – and then to the military clans and their armies of samurai. The Heian period is considered a golden age of classical Japanese culture. In the year 794, a new imperial capital was established at Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto), marking the beginning of the Heian period, which lasted until 1185.
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